Sand is added to Delaware beaches to counter erosion
(Ann Cameron Siegal) - Beach replenishment is a multi-step process. Here, on left, the screenng basket gets rinsed and ready for another load of sand, while on the right, a front-loader (earth mover) pushes the sand into place after surveyors determine where it is needed most. It's important that the beach has the right slope toward the ocean.
Ocean waves have always moved sand along coastal areas, building up or eroding beaches depending on factors such as storms, winds and tides. This natural process is called “longshore drift.” Some sand is pulled from the beach, forming ridges — “storm bars” — underwater. Some is pushed back onto shore by other wave action. Some is moved left or right, depending on wave direction.
It’s an ever-changing process.
As more and more houses, hotels, roads and recreation areas are built along the oceanfront, problems can occur. Jetties, sea walls and harbors that come with development disrupt the natural cycle. Erosion, or the wearing away of the surface layer, happens. This winter, workers in Rehoboth are using huge pieces of equipment to add sand to the beach. One machine operator described his job by saying, “We still get to play with toys, just on a much larger scale and in an even bigger sandbox.”
Rebuilding, or nourishing, beaches involves a lot of planning and hard work, but not everyone thinks it’s a good idea. Can — and should — people try to change the effects of the ocean waves upon the shore?
Let’s look at the beach renewal process and some of the concerns it raises.
How is sand added to a beach?
Different methods are used throughout the country, but in Rehoboth, a huge ship called a hopper dredge brings sand from an area called a borrow site in the ocean several miles away.
The “hopper” is where the ship stores more than 200 tons of sand pulled from the ocean floor by way of a pump that acts like a giant vacuum cleaner. When the ship gets to its destination, it anchors close to shore and another pump pushes the sand, mixed with water, out of the boat through a large flexible hose attached to 30-inch-wide pipes on shore.
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anticipated need for funds to repair and upgrade hundreds of miles of sewer and water lines throughout the city, rebuild its outdated power plant, make drainage improvements and operate drainage pump and floodgates added after Hurricane Katrina.
When the ship gets to its destination, it anchors close to shore and another pump pushes the sand, mixed with water, out of the boat through a large flexible hose attached to 30-inch-wide pipes on shore. During the process, the sand passes through two
According to staff, Well 33 has pumped over 5 billion gallons of water since its last maintenance, and the pump needs to be rebuilt or replaced. Bunker explained that that funds allocated for emergency repairs could be used to cover the rehabilitation.
Dale and Chrystal Kiesel also rebuilt with flooding in mind, erecting a 3-foot concrete wall around their house. Water flowed around it, two-thirds up the wall, as the Kiesels ran two noisy gasoline-powered pumps to bail water from inside the
But other innovative, alternative agricultural systems — available now — would allow us to re-perennialize agriculture and rebuild the topsoil “sponge,” with its flood-mitigating capabilities. An Iowa State University study has shown that
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